The chromosome 1 region has peak markers with of LOD of 3.45 and 3.46 for Alcoholism gender age and constraint as D1S2878 (165403366) D1S196 (167604128). Arbitrary interval of 25 MBp on each side of the peak makers was uploaded.
Authors:
Hill SY, Shen S, Zezza N, Hoffman EK, Perlin M, Allan W
List of positional candidate genes after correcting for multiple testing and controlling the false discovery rate from genome wide association studies (GWAS) retrieved from the NHGRI-EBI Catalog of published genome-wide association studies (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/). The disease/trait examined in this study, as reported by the authors, was Age-related hearing impairment (interaction). The EFO term age-related hearing impairment was annotated to this set after curation by NHGRI-EBI. Intergenic SNPS were mapped to both the upstream and downstream gene. P-value uploaded. This gene set was generated using gwas2gs v. 0.1.8 and the GWAS Catalog v. 1.0.1.
Authors:
E Fransen, S Bonneux, JJ Corneveaux, I Schrauwen, F Di Berardino, CH White, JD Ohmen, P Van de Heyning, U Ambrosetti, MJ Huentelman, G Van Camp, RA Friedman
List of positional candidate genes after correcting for multiple testing and controlling the false discovery rate from genome wide association studies (GWAS) retrieved from the NHGRI-EBI Catalog of published genome-wide association studies (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/). The disease/trait examined in this study, as reported by the authors, was Parental longevity (combined parental age at death). The EFO term parental longevity was annotated to this set after curation by NHGRI-EBI. Intergenic SNPS were mapped to both the upstream and downstream gene. P-value uploaded. This gene set was generated using gwas2gs v. 0.1.8 and the GWAS Catalog v. 1.0.1.
Authors:
LC Pilling, JL Atkins, K Bowman, SE Jones, J Tyrrell, RN Beaumont, KS Ruth, MA Tuke, H Yaghootkar, AR Wood, RM Freathy, A Murray, MN Weedon, L Xue, K Lunetta, JM Murabito, LW Harries, JM Robine, C Brayne, GA Kuchel, L Ferrucci, TM Frayling, D Melzer
List of positional candidate genes after correcting for multiple testing and controlling the false discovery rate from genome wide association studies (GWAS) retrieved from the NHGRI-EBI Catalog of published genome-wide association studies (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/). The disease/trait examined in this study, as reported by the authors, was Morning vs. evening chronotype. The EFO term circadian rhythm was annotated to this set after curation by NHGRI-EBI. Intergenic SNPS were mapped to both the upstream and downstream gene. P-value uploaded. This gene set was generated using gwas2gs v. 0.1.8 and the GWAS Catalog v. 1.0.1.
Authors:
Y Hu, A Shmygelska, D Tran, N Eriksson, JY Tung, DA Hinds
List of positional candidate genes after correcting for multiple testing and controlling the false discovery rate from genome wide association studies (GWAS) retrieved from the NHGRI-EBI Catalog of published genome-wide association studies (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/). The disease/trait examined in this study, as reported by the authors, was Response to amphetamines. The EFO term response to drug was annotated to this set after curation by NHGRI-EBI. Intergenic SNPS were mapped to both the upstream and downstream gene. P-value uploaded. This gene set was generated using gwas2gs v. 0.1.8 and the GWAS Catalog v. 1.0.1.
Authors:
AB Hart, BE Engelhardt, MC Wardle, G Sokoloff, M Stephens, H de Wit, AA Palmer
List of positional candidate genes after correcting for multiple testing and controlling the false discovery rate from genome wide association studies (GWAS) retrieved from the NHGRI-EBI Catalog of published genome-wide association studies (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/). The disease/trait examined in this study, as reported by the authors, was Schizophrenia. The EFO term schizophrenia was annotated to this set after curation by NHGRI-EBI. Intergenic SNPS were mapped to both the upstream and downstream gene. P-value uploaded. This gene set was generated using gwas2gs v. 0.1.8 and the GWAS Catalog v. 1.0.1.
Authors:
S Ripke, C O'Dushlaine, K Chambert, JL Moran, AK Kähler, S Akterin, SE Bergen, AL Collins, JJ Crowley, M Fromer, Y Kim, SH Lee, PK Magnusson, N Sanchez, EA Stahl, S Williams, NR Wray, K Xia, F Bettella, AD Borglum, BK Bulik-Sullivan, P Cormican, N Craddock, C de Leeuw, N Durmishi, M Gill, V Golimbet, ML Hamshere, P Holmans, DM Hougaard, KS Kendler, K Lin, DW Morris, O Mors, PB Mortensen, BM Neale, FA O'Neill, MJ Owen, MP Milovancevic, D Posthuma, J Powell, AL Richards, BP Riley, D Ruderfer, D Rujescu, E Sigurdsson, T Silagadze, AB Smit, H Stefansson, S Steinberg, J Suvisaari, S Tosato, M Verhage, JT Walters, DF Levinson, PV Gejman, KS Kendler, C Laurent, BJ Mowry, MC O'Donovan, MJ Owen, AE Pulver, BP Riley, SG Schwab, DB Wildenauer, F Dudbridge, P Holmans, J Shi, M Albus, M Alexander, D Campion, D Cohen, D Dikeos, J Duan, P Eichhammer, S Godard, M Hansen, FB Lerer, KY Liang, W Maier, J Mallet, DA Nertney, G Nestadt, N Norton, FA O'Neill, GN Papadimitriou, R Ribble, AR Sanders, JM Silverman, D Walsh, NM Williams, B Wormley, MJ Arranz, S Bakker, S Bender, E Bramon, D Collier, B Crespo-Facorro, J Hall, C Iyegbe, A Jablensky, RS Kahn, L Kalaydjieva, S Lawrie, CM Lewis, K Lin, DH Linszen, I Mata, A McIntosh, RM Murray, RA Ophoff, J Powell, D Rujescu, J Van Os, M Walshe, M Weisbrod, D Wiersma, P Donnelly, I Barroso, JM Blackwell, E Bramon, MA Brown, JP Casas, AP Corvin, P Deloukas, A Duncanson, J Jankowski, HS Markus, CG Mathew, CN Palmer, R Plomin, A Rautanen, SJ Sawcer, RC Trembath, AC Viswanathan, NW Wood, CC Spencer, G Band, C Bellenguez, C Freeman, G Hellenthal, E Giannoulatou, M Pirinen, RD Pearson, A Strange, Z Su, D Vukcevic, P Donnelly, C Langford, SE Hunt, S Edkins, R Gwilliam, H Blackburn, SJ Bumpstead, S Dronov, M Gillman, E Gray, N Hammond, A Jayakumar, OT McCann, J Liddle, SC Potter, R Ravindrarajah, M Ricketts, A Tashakkori-Ghanbaria, MJ Waller, P Weston, S Widaa, P Whittaker, I Barroso, P Deloukas, CG Mathew, JM Blackwell, MA Brown, AP Corvin, MI McCarthy, CC Spencer, E Bramon, AP Corvin, MC O'Donovan, K Stefansson, E Scolnick, S Purcell, SA McCarroll, P Sklar, CM Hultman, PF Sullivan
List of positional candidate genes after correcting for multiple testing and controlling the false discovery rate from genome wide association studies (GWAS) retrieved from the NHGRI-EBI Catalog of published genome-wide association studies (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/). The disease/trait examined in this study, as reported by the authors, was Schizophrenia. The EFO term schizophrenia was annotated to this set after curation by NHGRI-EBI. Intergenic SNPS were mapped to both the upstream and downstream gene. P-value uploaded. This gene set was generated using gwas2gs v. 0.1.8 and the GWAS Catalog v. 1.0.1.
List of positional candidate genes after correcting for multiple testing and controlling the false discovery rate from genome wide association studies (GWAS) retrieved from the NHGRI-EBI Catalog of published genome-wide association studies (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/). The disease/trait examined in this study, as reported by the authors, was Aging (time to event). The EFO term aging was annotated to this set after curation by NHGRI-EBI. Intergenic SNPS were mapped to both the upstream and downstream gene. P-value uploaded. This gene set was generated using gwas2gs v. 0.1.8 and the GWAS Catalog v. 1.0.1.
Authors:
S Walter, G Atzmon, EW Demerath, ME Garcia, RC Kaplan, M Kumari, KL Lunetta, Y Milaneschi, T Tanaka, GJ Tranah, U Völker, L Yu, A Arnold, EJ Benjamin, R Biffar, AS Buchman, E Boerwinkle, D Couper, PL De Jager, DA Evans, TB Harris, W Hoffmann, A Hofman, D Karasik, DP Kiel, T Kocher, M Kuningas, LJ Launer, KK Lohman, PL Lutsey, J Mackenbach, K Marciante, BM Psaty, EM Reiman, JI Rotter, S Seshadri, MD Shardell, AV Smith, C van Duijn, J Walston, MC Zillikens, S Bandinelli, SE Baumeister, DA Bennett, L Ferrucci, V Gudnason, M Kivimaki, Y Liu, JM Murabito, AB Newman, H Tiemeier, N Franceschini
List of positional candidate genes after correcting for multiple testing and controlling the false discovery rate from genome wide association studies (GWAS) retrieved from the NHGRI-EBI Catalog of published genome-wide association studies (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/). The disease/trait examined in this study, as reported by the authors, was Schizophrenia. The EFO term schizophrenia was annotated to this set after curation by NHGRI-EBI. Intergenic SNPS were mapped to both the upstream and downstream gene. P-value uploaded. This gene set was generated using gwas2gs v. 0.1.8 and the GWAS Catalog v. 1.0.1.
Authors:
FS Goes, J McGrath, D Avramopoulos, P Wolyniec, M Pirooznia, I Ruczinski, G Nestadt, EE Kenny, V Vacic, I Peters, T Lencz, A Darvasi, JG Mulle, ST Warren, AE Pulver
List of positional candidate genes after correcting for multiple testing and controlling the false discovery rate from genome wide association studies (GWAS) retrieved from the NHGRI-EBI Catalog of published genome-wide association studies (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/). The disease/trait examined in this study, as reported by the authors, was Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The EFO term schizophrenia, bipolar disorder was annotated to this set after curation by NHGRI-EBI. Intergenic SNPS were mapped to both the upstream and downstream gene. P-value uploaded. This gene set was generated using gwas2gs v. 0.1.8 and the GWAS Catalog v. 1.0.1.
Authors:
SE Bergen, CT O'Dushlaine, S Ripke, PH Lee, DM Ruderfer, S Akterin, JL Moran, KD Chambert, RE Handsaker, L Backlund, U Ösby, S McCarroll, M Landen, EM Scolnick, PK Magnusson, P Lichtenstein, CM Hultman, SM Purcell, P Sklar, PF Sullivan
List of positional candidate genes after correcting for multiple testing and controlling the false discovery rate from genome wide association studies (GWAS) retrieved from the NHGRI-EBI Catalog of published genome-wide association studies (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/). The disease/trait examined in this study, as reported by the authors, was PR interval in Tripanosoma cruzi seropositivity. The EFO term PR interval, Trypanosoma cruzi seropositivity was annotated to this set after curation by NHGRI-EBI. Intergenic SNPS were mapped to both the upstream and downstream gene. P-value uploaded. This gene set was generated using gwas2gs v. 0.1.8 and the GWAS Catalog v. 1.0.1.
Authors:
X Deng, EC Sabino, E Cunha-Neto, AL Ribeiro, B Ianni, C Mady, MP Busch, M Seielstad
All genes from DisGeNet and OMIM with evidence for an association is Bipolar Disorder, found using the query term "Bipolar Disorder," are aggregated into this list. A binary score of 1 was added to indicate list membership.
Postmortem human brain tissue from the caudate nucleus region of a total of 48 individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and 51 control individuals were taken and RNA extracted from frozen tissue. Sequencing was carried out using the NovaSeq 6000 (Illumina) platform, and gene expression analysis was carried out with respect to AUD and control samples. Gene symbols from Entrez ids are used and Logbase2 FC as provided by the authors are annotated.
Authors:
Lea Zillich, Eric Poisel, Josef Frank, Jerome C Foo, Marion M Friske, Fabian Streit, Lea Sirignano, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, André Heimbach, Per Hoffmann, Franziska Degenhardt, Anita C Hansson, Georgy Bakalkin, Markus M Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Rainer Spanagel, Stephanie H Witt
Postmortem human brain tissue from the putamen region of a total of 48 individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and 51 control individuals were taken and RNA extracted from frozen tissue. Sequencing was carried out using the NovaSeq 6000 (Illumina) platform, and gene expression analysis was carried out with respect to AUD and control samples. Gene symbols from Entrez ids are used and Logbase2 FC as provided by the authors are annotated.
Authors:
Lea Zillich, Eric Poisel, Josef Frank, Jerome C Foo, Marion M Friske, Fabian Streit, Lea Sirignano, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, André Heimbach, Per Hoffmann, Franziska Degenhardt, Anita C Hansson, Georgy Bakalkin, Markus M Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Rainer Spanagel, Stephanie H Witt
Postmortem human brain tissue from the ventral striatum from postmortem human brain tissue with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) region of a total of 48 individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and 51 control individuals were taken and RNA extracted from frozen tissue. Sequencing was carried out using the NovaSeq 6000 (Illumina) platform, and gene expression analysis was carried out with respect to AUD and control samples. Gene symbols from Entrez ids are used and Logbase2 FC as provided by the authors are annotated.
Authors:
Lea Zillich, Eric Poisel, Josef Frank, Jerome C Foo, Marion M Friske, Fabian Streit, Lea Sirignano, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, André Heimbach, Per Hoffmann, Franziska Degenhardt, Anita C Hansson, Georgy Bakalkin, Markus M Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Rainer Spanagel, Stephanie H Witt
Transcriptional alterations in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens implicate neuroinflammation and synaptic remodeling in opioid use disorder. Transcriptomic profile of 20 control subjects and 20 OUD subjects in brain region DLPFC and NAC. Analyzed using GEO2R (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE174409) separately for each brain region, comparing OUD and control samples.
Authors:
Xiangning Xue, Wei Zong, Jill R Glausier, Sam-Moon Kim, Micah A Shelton, BaDoi N Phan, Chaitanya Srinivasan, Andreas R Pfenning, George C Tseng, David A Lewis, Marianne L Seney, Ryan W Logan
Transcriptional alterations in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens implicate neuroinflammation and synaptic remodeling in opioid use disorder. Transcriptomic profile of 20 control subjects and 20 OUD subjects in brain region DLPFC and NAC. Analyzed using GEO2R (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE174409) separately for each brain region, comparing OUD and control samples.
Authors:
Xiangning Xue, Wei Zong, Jill R Glausier, Sam-Moon Kim, Micah A Shelton, BaDoi N Phan, Chaitanya Srinivasan, Andreas R Pfenning, George C Tseng, David A Lewis, Marianne L Seney, Ryan W Logan
We performed single-nuclei multiome profiling on postmortem caudate nucleus (CN) tissue from six individuals with cocaine use disorder (CocUD) and eight controls, all of African American ancestry. CocUD cases and controls were balanced according to age and sex. We performed single-nuclei ATAC-seq and RNA-seq using the 10x Genomics Multiome platform. Weighted nearest neighbor analysis resulted in an integrated UMAP depicting 13 clearly delineated cell types, including astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC), endothelial cells and lymphocytes, as well as different GABAergic neurons, such as D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and a small population of cholinergic neurons.
Authors:
Lea Zillich, Annasara Artioli, Veronika Pohořalá, Eric Zillich, Laura Stertz, Hanna Belschner, Ammar Jabali, Josef Frank, Fabian Streit, Diana Avetyan, Maja Völker, Svenja Müller, Anita Hansson, Thomas Meyer, Marcella Rietschel, Rainer Spanagel, Ana Oliveira, Consuelo Walss-Bass, Rick Bernardi, Philipp Koch, Stephanie Witt
DEG human CN astrocytes CocUD vs control_avg log2FC
Description:
We performed single-nuclei multiome profiling on postmortem caudate nucleus (CN) tissue from six individuals with cocaine use disorder (CocUD) and eight controls, all of African American ancestry. CocUD cases and controls were balanced according to age and sex. We performed single-nuclei ATAC-seq and RNA-seq using the 10x Genomics Multiome platform. Weighted nearest neighbor analysis resulted in an integrated UMAP depicting 13 clearly delineated cell types, including astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC), endothelial cells and lymphocytes, as well as different GABAergic neurons, such as D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and a small population of cholinergic neurons.
Authors:
Lea Zillich, Annasara Artioli, Veronika Pohořalá, Eric Zillich, Laura Stertz, Hanna Belschner, Ammar Jabali, Josef Frank, Fabian Streit, Diana Avetyan, Maja Völker, Svenja Müller, Anita Hansson, Thomas Meyer, Marcella Rietschel, Rainer Spanagel, Ana Oliveira, Consuelo Walss-Bass, Rick Bernardi, Philipp Koch, Stephanie Witt
We performed single-nuclei multiome profiling on postmortem caudate nucleus (CN) tissue from six individuals with cocaine use disorder (CocUD) and eight controls, all of African American ancestry. CocUD cases and controls were balanced according to age and sex. We performed single-nuclei ATAC-seq and RNA-seq using the 10x Genomics Multiome platform. Weighted nearest neighbor analysis resulted in an integrated UMAP depicting 13 clearly delineated cell types, including astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC), endothelial cells and lymphocytes, as well as different GABAergic neurons, such as D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and a small population of cholinergic neurons.
Authors:
Lea Zillich, Annasara Artioli, Veronika Pohořalá, Eric Zillich, Laura Stertz, Hanna Belschner, Ammar Jabali, Josef Frank, Fabian Streit, Diana Avetyan, Maja Völker, Svenja Müller, Anita Hansson, Thomas Meyer, Marcella Rietschel, Rainer Spanagel, Ana Oliveira, Consuelo Walss-Bass, Rick Bernardi, Philipp Koch, Stephanie Witt
We performed single-nuclei multiome profiling on postmortem caudate nucleus (CN) tissue from six individuals with cocaine use disorder (CocUD) and eight controls, all of African American ancestry. CocUD cases and controls were balanced according to age and sex. We performed single-nuclei ATAC-seq and RNA-seq using the 10x Genomics Multiome platform. Weighted nearest neighbor analysis resulted in an integrated UMAP depicting 13 clearly delineated cell types, including astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC), endothelial cells and lymphocytes, as well as different GABAergic neurons, such as D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and a small population of cholinergic neurons.
Authors:
Lea Zillich, Annasara Artioli, Veronika Pohořalá, Eric Zillich, Laura Stertz, Hanna Belschner, Ammar Jabali, Josef Frank, Fabian Streit, Diana Avetyan, Maja Völker, Svenja Müller, Anita Hansson, Thomas Meyer, Marcella Rietschel, Rainer Spanagel, Ana Oliveira, Consuelo Walss-Bass, Rick Bernardi, Philipp Koch, Stephanie Witt
We performed single-nuclei multiome profiling on postmortem caudate nucleus (CN) tissue from six individuals with cocaine use disorder (CocUD) and eight controls, all of African American ancestry. CocUD cases and controls were balanced according to age and sex. We performed single-nuclei ATAC-seq and RNA-seq using the 10x Genomics Multiome platform. Weighted nearest neighbor analysis resulted in an integrated UMAP depicting 13 clearly delineated cell types, including astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC), endothelial cells and lymphocytes, as well as different GABAergic neurons, such as D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and a small population of cholinergic neurons.
Authors:
Lea Zillich, Annasara Artioli, Veronika Pohořalá, Eric Zillich, Laura Stertz, Hanna Belschner, Ammar Jabali, Josef Frank, Fabian Streit, Diana Avetyan, Maja Völker, Svenja Müller, Anita Hansson, Thomas Meyer, Marcella Rietschel, Rainer Spanagel, Ana Oliveira, Consuelo Walss-Bass, Rick Bernardi, Philipp Koch, Stephanie Witt
We performed single-nuclei multiome profiling on postmortem caudate nucleus (CN) tissue from six individuals with cocaine use disorder (CocUD) and eight controls, all of African American ancestry. CocUD cases and controls were balanced according to age and sex. We performed single-nuclei ATAC-seq and RNA-seq using the 10x Genomics Multiome platform. Weighted nearest neighbor analysis resulted in an integrated UMAP depicting 13 clearly delineated cell types, including astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC), endothelial cells and lymphocytes, as well as different GABAergic neurons, such as D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and a small population of cholinergic neurons.
Authors:
Lea Zillich, Annasara Artioli, Veronika Pohořalá, Eric Zillich, Laura Stertz, Hanna Belschner, Ammar Jabali, Josef Frank, Fabian Streit, Diana Avetyan, Maja Völker, Svenja Müller, Anita Hansson, Thomas Meyer, Marcella Rietschel, Rainer Spanagel, Ana Oliveira, Consuelo Walss-Bass, Rick Bernardi, Philipp Koch, Stephanie Witt
We performed single-nuclei multiome profiling on postmortem caudate nucleus (CN) tissue from six individuals with cocaine use disorder (CocUD) and eight controls, all of African American ancestry. CocUD cases and controls were balanced according to age and sex. We performed single-nuclei ATAC-seq and RNA-seq using the 10x Genomics Multiome platform. Weighted nearest neighbor analysis resulted in an integrated UMAP depicting 13 clearly delineated cell types, including astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC), endothelial cells and lymphocytes, as well as different GABAergic neurons, such as D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and a small population of cholinergic neurons.
Authors:
Lea Zillich, Annasara Artioli, Veronika Pohořalá, Eric Zillich, Laura Stertz, Hanna Belschner, Ammar Jabali, Josef Frank, Fabian Streit, Diana Avetyan, Maja Völker, Svenja Müller, Anita Hansson, Thomas Meyer, Marcella Rietschel, Rainer Spanagel, Ana Oliveira, Consuelo Walss-Bass, Rick Bernardi, Philipp Koch, Stephanie Witt
We performed single-nuclei multiome profiling on postmortem caudate nucleus (CN) tissue from six individuals with cocaine use disorder (CocUD) and eight controls, all of African American ancestry. CocUD cases and controls were balanced according to age and sex. We performed single-nuclei ATAC-seq and RNA-seq using the 10x Genomics Multiome platform. Weighted nearest neighbor analysis resulted in an integrated UMAP depicting 13 clearly delineated cell types, including astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC), endothelial cells and lymphocytes, as well as different GABAergic neurons, such as D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and a small population of cholinergic neurons.
Authors:
Lea Zillich, Annasara Artioli, Veronika Pohořalá, Eric Zillich, Laura Stertz, Hanna Belschner, Ammar Jabali, Josef Frank, Fabian Streit, Diana Avetyan, Maja Völker, Svenja Müller, Anita Hansson, Thomas Meyer, Marcella Rietschel, Rainer Spanagel, Ana Oliveira, Consuelo Walss-Bass, Rick Bernardi, Philipp Koch, Stephanie Witt
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