DESCRIPTION:

List of positional candidate genes after correcting for multiple testing and controlling the false discovery rate from genome wide association studies (GWAS) retrieved from the NHGRI-EBI Catalog of published genome-wide association studies (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/). The disease/trait examined in this study, as reported by the authors, was Educational attainment (college completion). The EFO term self reported educational attainment was annotated to this set after curation by NHGRI-EBI. Intergenic SNPS were mapped to both the upstream and downstream gene. P-value uploaded. This gene set was generated using gwas2gs v. 0.1.8 and the GWAS Catalog v. 1.0.1.

LABEL:

GWAS: self reported educational attainment

SCORE TYPE:

P-Value

THRESHOLD:

<= 0.05

GENES IN THRESHOLD:

152

DATE ADDED:

2017-05-02

DATE UPDATED:

2024-10-22

SPECIES:

AUTHORS:

A Okbay, JP Beauchamp, MA Fontana, JJ Lee, TH Pers, CA Rietveld, P Turley, GB Chen, V Emilsson, SF Meddens, S Oskarsson, JK Pickrell, K Thom, P Timshel, R de Vlaming, A Abdellaoui, TS Ahluwalia, J Bacelis, C Baumbach, G Bjornsdottir, JH Brandsma, M Pina Concas, J Derringer, NA Furlotte, TE Galesloot, G Girotto, R Gupta, LM Hall, SE Harris, E Hofer, M Horikoshi, JE Huffman, K Kaasik, IP Kalafati, R Karlsson, A Kong, J Lahti, SJ van der Lee, C deLeeuw, PA Lind, KO Lindgren, T Liu, M Mangino, J Marten, E Mihailov, MB Miller, PJ van der Most, C Oldmeadow, A Payton, N Pervjakova, WJ Peyrot, Y Qian, O Raitakari, R Rueedi, E Salvi, B Schmidt, KE Schraut, J Shi, AV Smith, RA Poot, B St Pourcain, A Teumer, G Thorleifsson, N Verweij, D Vuckovic, J Wellmann, HJ Westra, J Yang, W Zhao, Z Zhu, BZ Alizadeh, N Amin, A Bakshi, SE Baumeister, G Biino, K Bønnelykke, PA Boyle, H Campbell, FP Cappuccio, G Davies, JE De Neve, P Deloukas, I Demuth, J Ding, P Eibich, L Eisele, N Eklund, DM Evans, JD Faul, MF Feitosa, AJ Forstner, I Gandin, B Gunnarsson, BV Halldórsson, TB Harris, AC Heath, LJ Hocking, EG Holliday, G Homuth, MA Horan, JJ Hottenga, PL de Jager, PK Joshi, A Jugessur, MA Kaakinen, M Kähönen, S Kanoni, L Keltigangas-Järvinen, LA Kiemeney, I Kolcic, S Koskinen, AT Kraja, M Kroh, Z Kutalik, A Latvala, LJ Launer, MP Lebreton, DF Levinson, P Lichtenstein, P Lichtner, DC Liewald, A Loukola, PA Madden, R Mägi, T Mäki-Opas, RE Marioni, P Marques-Vidal, GA Meddens, G McMahon, C Meisinger, T Meitinger, Y Milaneschi, L Milani, GW Montgomery, R Myhre, CP Nelson, DR Nyholt, WE Ollier, A Palotie, L Paternoster, NL Pedersen, KE Petrovic, DJ Porteous, K Räikkönen, SM Ring, A Robino, O Rostapshova, I Rudan, A Rustichini, V Salomaa, AR Sanders, AP Sarin, H Schmidt, RJ Scott, BH Smith, JA Smith, JA Staessen, E Steinhagen-Thiessen, K Strauch, A Terracciano, MD Tobin, S Ulivi, S Vaccargiu, L Quaye, FJ van Rooij, C Venturini, AA Vinkhuyzen, U Völker, H Völzke, JM Vonk, D Vozzi, J Waage, EB Ware, G Willemsen, JR Attia, DA Bennett, K Berger, L Bertram, H Bisgaard, DI Boomsma, IB Borecki, U Bültmann, CF Chabris, F Cucca, D Cusi, IJ Deary, GV Dedoussis, CM van Duijn, JG Eriksson, B Franke, L Franke, P Gasparini, PV Gejman, C Gieger, HJ Grabe, J Gratten, PJ Groenen, V Gudnason, P van der Harst, C Hayward, DA Hinds, W Hoffmann, E Hyppönen, WG Iacono, B Jacobsson, MR Järvelin, KH Jöckel, J Kaprio, SL Kardia, T Lehtimäki, SF Lehrer, PK Magnusson, NG Martin, M McGue, A Metspalu, N Pendleton, BW Penninx, M Perola, N Pirastu, M Pirastu, O Polasek, D Posthuma, C Power, MA Province, NJ Samani, D Schlessinger, R Schmidt, TI Sørensen, TD Spector, K Stefansson, U Thorsteinsdottir, AR Thurik, NJ Timpson, H Tiemeier, JY Tung, AG Uitterlinden, V Vitart, P Vollenweider, DR Weir, JF Wilson, AF Wright, DC Conley, RF Krueger, G Davey Smith, A Hofman, DI Laibson, SE Medland, MN Meyer, J Yang, M Johannesson, PM Visscher, T Esko, PD Koellinger, D Cesarini, DJ Benjamin

TITLE:

Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment.

JOURNAL:

Nature 05 2016, Vol 533, pp. 539-42

ABSTRACT:

Educational attainment is strongly influenced by social and other environmental factors, but genetic factors are estimated to account for at least 20% of the variation across individuals. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for educational attainment that extends our earlier discovery sample of 101,069 individuals to 293,723 individuals, and a replication study in an independent sample of 111,349 individuals from the UK Biobank. We identify 74 genome-wide significant loci associated with the number of years of schooling completed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with educational attainment are disproportionately found in genomic regions regulating gene expression in the fetal brain. Candidate genes are preferentially expressed in neural tissue, especially during the prenatal period, and enriched for biological pathways involved in neural development. Our findings demonstrate that, even for a behavioural phenotype that is mostly environmentally determined, a well-powered GWAS identifies replicable associated genetic variants that suggest biologically relevant pathways. Because educational attainment is measured in large numbers of individuals, it will continue to be useful as a proxy phenotype in efforts to characterize the genetic influences of related phenotypes, including cognition and neuropsychiatric diseases. PUBMED: 27225129
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