A group of pharmacologic activities, effects on living systems and the environment, and modes of employment of drugs and chemicals. They are broken into actions, which describe their effects, and uses, which describe how they are employed.
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Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.
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Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.
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High molecular weight polymers containing a mixture of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides chained together by ribose or deoxyribose linkages.
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Nucleic acid which complements a specific mRNA or DNA molecule, or fragment thereof; used for hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms and for genetic studies.
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A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
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A group of atoms or molecules attached to other molecules or cellular structures and used in studying the properties of these molecules and structures. Radioactive DNA or RNA sequences are used in MOLECULAR GENETICS to detect the presence of a complementary sequence by NUCLEIC ACID HYBRIDIZATION.
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A single chain of deoxyribonucleotides that occurs in some bacteria and viruses. It usually exists as a covalently closed circle.
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RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
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Chemicals necessary to perform experimental and/or investigative procedures and for the preparation of drugs and other chemicals.
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Complex compounds of high molecular weight occurring in living cells. These are basically of two types, ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA) acids, both of which consist of nucleotides (nucleoside phosphates linked together by phosphate bridges).
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A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
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Postmortem human brain tissue from the caudate nucleus region of a total of 48 individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and 51 control individuals were taken and RNA extracted from frozen tissue. Sequencing was carried out using the NovaSeq 6000 (Illumina) platform, and gene expression analysis was carried out with respect to AUD and control samples. Gene symbols from Entrez ids are used and Logbase2 FC as provided by the authors are annotated.
Authors:
Lea Zillich, Eric Poisel, Josef Frank, Jerome C Foo, Marion M Friske, Fabian Streit, Lea Sirignano, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, André Heimbach, Per Hoffmann, Franziska Degenhardt, Anita C Hansson, Georgy Bakalkin, Markus M Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Rainer Spanagel, Stephanie H Witt
Postmortem human brain tissue from the putamen region of a total of 48 individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and 51 control individuals were taken and RNA extracted from frozen tissue. Sequencing was carried out using the NovaSeq 6000 (Illumina) platform, and gene expression analysis was carried out with respect to AUD and control samples. Gene symbols from Entrez ids are used and Logbase2 FC as provided by the authors are annotated.
Authors:
Lea Zillich, Eric Poisel, Josef Frank, Jerome C Foo, Marion M Friske, Fabian Streit, Lea Sirignano, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, André Heimbach, Per Hoffmann, Franziska Degenhardt, Anita C Hansson, Georgy Bakalkin, Markus M Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Rainer Spanagel, Stephanie H Witt
Postmortem human brain tissue from the ventral striatum from postmortem human brain tissue with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) region of a total of 48 individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and 51 control individuals were taken and RNA extracted from frozen tissue. Sequencing was carried out using the NovaSeq 6000 (Illumina) platform, and gene expression analysis was carried out with respect to AUD and control samples. Gene symbols from Entrez ids are used and Logbase2 FC as provided by the authors are annotated.
Authors:
Lea Zillich, Eric Poisel, Josef Frank, Jerome C Foo, Marion M Friske, Fabian Streit, Lea Sirignano, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, André Heimbach, Per Hoffmann, Franziska Degenhardt, Anita C Hansson, Georgy Bakalkin, Markus M Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Rainer Spanagel, Stephanie H Witt
Dysregulation of NRSF/REST via EHMT1 is associated with psychiatric disorders and Kleefstra syndrome, Z scores
Description:
EHMT1 is an epigenetic repressor that is causal for Kleefstra Syndrome (KS), a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) leading to intelectual disability, and is associated with schizophrenia. Here, the researchers aim to show we show that reduced EHMT1 activity decreases NRSF/REST protein leading to abnormal neuronal gene expression and progression of neurodevelopment in human iPSC. Five induced pluripotent stem cell samples (from fibroblasts of adult, male, skin) were used. The stem cells were gifted from: Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus. Total RNA extracted from a control hiPSC line and control cells treated for 72h with various concentrations of UNC0638 i.e 50, 100, 200 or 250nM as a model for Kleefstra syndrome. Polyadenylated adaptors were ligated to the 3′-end, 5′-adaptors were then ligated, and the resulting RNAs were reverse transcribed to generate cDNA that can be amplified by PCR. The amplified product was run on low range ultra agarose in TBE buffer and a size-selection was performed to ensure that the cDNA used for sequencing primarily contains miRNAs rather than other RNA contaminants. Expression values were calculated by the method detailed in 'HBA-DEALS: accurate and simultaneous identification of differential expression and splicing using hierarchical Bayesian analysis' (Genome Biol. 2020, PMID: 32660516), and Z scores calculated. Genes were annotated as Ensembl gene ids. SRA Study id ERP130338.
Data from GEO GSE194368 and analyzed using GEO2R, only top gene shown. Authors identified transcriptional adaptations of GR signaling in the amygdala of humans with OUD. Thus, GRs, their coregulators and downstream systems may represent viable therapeutic targets to treat the “stress side” of OUD.
Authors:
Stephanie A Carmack, Janaina C M Vendruscolo, M Adrienne McGinn, Jorge Miranda-Barrientos, Vez Repunte-Canonigo, Gabriel D Bosse, Daniele Mercatelli, Federico M Giorgi, Yu Fu, Anthony J Hinrich, Francine M Jodelka, Karen Ling, Robert O Messing, Randall T Peterson, Frank Rigo, Scott Edwards, Pietro P Sanna, Marisela Morales, Michelle L Hastings, George F Koob, Leandro F Vendruscolo
Data from GEO GSE194368 and analyzed using GEO2R, only top gene shown. Authors identified transcriptional adaptations of GR signaling in the amygdala of humans with OUD. Thus, GRs, their coregulators and downstream systems may represent viable therapeutic targets to treat the “stress side” of OUD.
Authors:
Stephanie A Carmack, Janaina C M Vendruscolo, M Adrienne McGinn, Jorge Miranda-Barrientos, Vez Repunte-Canonigo, Gabriel D Bosse, Daniele Mercatelli, Federico M Giorgi, Yu Fu, Anthony J Hinrich, Francine M Jodelka, Karen Ling, Robert O Messing, Randall T Peterson, Frank Rigo, Scott Edwards, Pietro P Sanna, Marisela Morales, Michelle L Hastings, George F Koob, Leandro F Vendruscolo
RNA sequencing of a limited number of archived patients' specimens with extended opioid exposure or non-opioid exposure was performed. Immune infiltration and changes in the microenvironment were evaluated using CIBERSORT.
Authors:
Mamatha Garige, Sarah Poncet, Alexis Norris, Chao-Kai Chou, Wells W Wu, Rong-Fong Shen, Jacob W Greenberg, Louis Spencer Krane, Carole Sourbier
RNA sequencing of a limited number of archived patients' specimens with extended opioid exposure or non-opioid exposure was performed. Immune infiltration and changes in the microenvironment were evaluated using CIBERSORT.
Authors:
Mamatha Garige, Sarah Poncet, Alexis Norris, Chao-Kai Chou, Wells W Wu, Rong-Fong Shen, Jacob W Greenberg, Louis Spencer Krane, Carole Sourbier
The dataset used in this study (Bulk RNA-Seq) was previously published and can be found at NCBI GEO (GSE182321), this analysis was conducted by GEO2R to compare control and OUD samples, only top differentially expressed genes are reported. To understand mechanisms and identify potential targets for intervention in the current crisis of opioid use disorder (OUD), postmortem brains represent an under-utilized resource. To refine previously reported gene signatures of neurobiological alterations in OUD from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann Area 9, BA9), we explored the role of microRNAs (miRNA) as powerful epigenetic regulators of gene function.
The dataset used in this study (Bulk RNA-Seq) was previously published and can be found at NCBI GEO (GSE182321), this analysis was conducted by GEO2R to compare control and OUD samples, only top differentially expressed genes are reported. To understand mechanisms and identify potential targets for intervention in the current crisis of opioid use disorder (OUD), postmortem brains represent an under-utilized resource. To refine previously reported gene signatures of neurobiological alterations in OUD from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann Area 9, BA9), we explored the role of microRNAs (miRNA) as powerful epigenetic regulators of gene function.
Transcriptional alterations in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens implicate neuroinflammation and synaptic remodeling in opioid use disorder. Transcriptomic profile of 20 control subjects and 20 OUD subjects in brain region DLPFC and NAC. Analyzed using GEO2R (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE174409) separately for each brain region, comparing OUD and control samples.
Authors:
Xiangning Xue, Wei Zong, Jill R Glausier, Sam-Moon Kim, Micah A Shelton, BaDoi N Phan, Chaitanya Srinivasan, Andreas R Pfenning, George C Tseng, David A Lewis, Marianne L Seney, Ryan W Logan
Transcriptional alterations in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens implicate neuroinflammation and synaptic remodeling in opioid use disorder. Transcriptomic profile of 20 control subjects and 20 OUD subjects in brain region DLPFC and NAC. Analyzed using GEO2R (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE174409) separately for each brain region, comparing OUD and control samples.
Authors:
Xiangning Xue, Wei Zong, Jill R Glausier, Sam-Moon Kim, Micah A Shelton, BaDoi N Phan, Chaitanya Srinivasan, Andreas R Pfenning, George C Tseng, David A Lewis, Marianne L Seney, Ryan W Logan
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