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LABEL: Chronic ethanol - Ethanol and abuse / dependence-associated alterations vs. Control DESCRIPTION: Chronic ethanol - Ethanol and abuse / dependence-associated alterations vs. Control DNA microarray Change in gene expression Eleven subjects with the diagnosis of past (abstinent for a long period -up to 30 years- before death) or current alcohol abuse or dependence, with or without other psychiatric diagnoses (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder) and eleven closely matched control subjects were selected from the Stanley Foundation Brain Bank. Cases were diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Of the cases, five with a history of Affymetrix GeneChip version 4.0 software. Subsequent analyses used Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, SPPS 10.5 and S-plus statistical programs. We defined genes with candidate changes in alcohol abuse / dependence as genes for which: 1) the gene showed decreased expression in at least 10 of 11 subjects with alcohol abuse / dependence or showed increased expression in at least 10 of 11 subjects with alcohol abuse / dependence compared to matched nonalcoholics (significance of P < 0.007, Chi-squared = 7.364); 2) the difference in the mean abuser / non-abuser ratio for the gene from a value of 1.0 was significant at P < 0.05 (one sample t-test after natural log transformation of ratios to reduce skewness); 3) hybridization was sufficiently robust that the expression of the gene was called present by Affymetrix criteria in at least one of the samples; and 4) there were no negative mean average difference values in any of the groups (because these represented low-level expression and were therefore of low confidence). (NIF Table ID 195 [121])
LABEL: Chronic ethanol - Ethanol and abuse / dependence-associated alterations vs. Control DESCRIPTION: Chronic ethanol - Ethanol and abuse / dependence-associated alterations vs. Control DNA microarray Change in gene expression Eleven subjects with the diagnosis of past (abstinent for a long period -up to 30 years- before death) or current alcohol abuse or dependence, with or without other psychiatric diagnoses (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder) and eleven closely matched control subjects were selected from the Stanley Foundation Brain Bank. Cases were diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Of the cases, five with a history of Affymetrix GeneChip version 4.0 software. Subsequent analyses used Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, SPPS 10.5 and S-plus statistical programs. We defined genes with candidate changes in alcohol abuse / dependence as genes for which: 1) the gene showed decreased expression in at least 10 of 11 subjects with alcohol abuse / dependence or showed increased expression in at least 10 of 11 subjects with alcohol abuse / dependence compared to matched nonalcoholics (significance of P < 0.007, Chi-squared = 7.364); 2) the difference in the mean abuser / non-abuser ratio for the gene from a value of 1.0 was significant at P < 0.05 (one sample t-test after natural log transformation of ratios to reduce skewness); 3) hybridization was sufficiently robust that the expression of the gene was called present by Affymetrix criteria in at least one of the samples; and 4) there were no negative mean average difference values in any of the groups (because these represented low-level expression and were therefore of low confidence). (NIF Table ID 196 [121])
LABEL: Chronic ethanol - Ethanol and abuse / dependence-associated alterations vs. Control DESCRIPTION: Chronic ethanol - Ethanol and abuse / dependence-associated alterations vs. Control DNA microarray Change in gene expression Eleven subjects with the diagnosis of past (abstinent for a long period -up to 30 years- before death) or current alcohol abuse or dependence, with or without other psychiatric diagnoses (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder) and eleven closely matched control subjects were selected from the Stanley Foundation Brain Bank. Cases were diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Of the cases, five with a history of Affymetrix GeneChip version 4.0 software. Subsequent analyses used Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, SPPS 10.5 and S-plus statistical programs. We defined genes with candidate changes in alcohol abuse / dependence as genes for which: 1) the gene showed decreased expression in at least 10 of 11 subjects with alcohol abuse / dependence or showed increased expression in at least 10 of 11 subjects with alcohol abuse / dependence compared to matched nonalcoholics (significance of P < 0.007, Chi-squared = 7.364); 2) the difference in the mean abuser / non-abuser ratio for the gene from a value of 1.0 was significant at P < 0.05 (one sample t-test after natural log transformation of ratios to reduce skewness); 3) hybridization was sufficiently robust that the expression of the gene was called present by Affymetrix criteria in at least one of the samples; and 4) there were no negative mean average difference values in any of the groups (because these represented low-level expression and were therefore of low confidence). (NIF Table ID 193 [121])
LABEL: Chronic ethanol - Ethanol and abuse / dependence-associated alterations vs. Control DESCRIPTION: Chronic ethanol - Ethanol and abuse / dependence-associated alterations vs. Control DNA microarray Change in gene expression Eleven subjects with the diagnosis of past (abstinent for a long period -up to 30 years- before death) or current alcohol abuse or dependence, with or without other psychiatric diagnoses (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder) and eleven closely matched control subjects were selected from the Stanley Foundation Brain Bank. Cases were diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Of the cases, five with a history of Affymetrix GeneChip version 4.0 software. Subsequent analyses used Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, SPPS 10.5 and S-plus statistical programs. We defined genes with candidate changes in alcohol abuse / dependence as genes for which: 1) the gene showed decreased expression in at least 10 of 11 subjects with alcohol abuse / dependence or showed increased expression in at least 10 of 11 subjects with alcohol abuse / dependence compared to matched nonalcoholics (significance of P < 0.007, Chi-squared = 7.364); 2) the difference in the mean abuser / non-abuser ratio for the gene from a value of 1.0 was significant at P < 0.05 (one sample t-test after natural log transformation of ratios to reduce skewness); 3) hybridization was sufficiently robust that the expression of the gene was called present by Affymetrix criteria in at least one of the samples; and 4) there were no negative mean average difference values in any of the groups (because these represented low-level expression and were therefore of low confidence). (NIF Table ID 191 [121])
LABEL: Chronic ethanol - Ethanol and abuse / dependence-associated alterations vs. Control DESCRIPTION: Chronic ethanol - Ethanol and abuse / dependence-associated alterations vs. Control DNA microarray Change in gene expression Eleven subjects with the diagnosis of past (abstinent for a long period -up to 30 years- before death) or current alcohol abuse or dependence, with or without other psychiatric diagnoses (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder) and eleven closely matched control subjects were selected from the Stanley Foundation Brain Bank. Cases were diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Of the cases, five with a history of Affymetrix GeneChip version 4.0 software. Subsequent analyses used Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, SPPS 10.5 and S-plus statistical programs. We defined genes with candidate changes in alcohol abuse / dependence as genes for which: 1) the gene showed decreased expression in at least 10 of 11 subjects with alcohol abuse / dependence or showed increased expression in at least 10 of 11 subjects with alcohol abuse / dependence compared to matched nonalcoholics (significance of P < 0.007, Chi-squared = 7.364); 2) the difference in the mean abuser / non-abuser ratio for the gene from a value of 1.0 was significant at P < 0.05 (one sample t-test after natural log transformation of ratios to reduce skewness); 3) hybridization was sufficiently robust that the expression of the gene was called present by Affymetrix criteria in at least one of the samples; and 4) there were no negative mean average difference values in any of the groups (because these represented low-level expression and were therefore of low confidence). (NIF Table ID 192 [121])
LABEL: Chronic ethanol - Ethanol and abuse / dependence-associated alterations vs. Control DESCRIPTION: Chronic ethanol - Ethanol and abuse / dependence-associated alterations vs. Control DNA microarray Change in gene expression Eleven subjects with the diagnosis of past (abstinent for a long period -up to 30 years- before death) or current alcohol abuse or dependence, with or without other psychiatric diagnoses (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder) and eleven closely matched control subjects were selected from the Stanley Foundation Brain Bank. Cases were diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Of the cases, five with a history of Affymetrix GeneChip version 4.0 software. Subsequent analyses used Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, SPPS 10.5 and S-plus statistical programs. We defined genes with candidate changes in alcohol abuse / dependence as genes for which: 1) the gene showed decreased expression in at least 10 of 11 subjects with alcohol abuse / dependence or showed increased expression in at least 10 of 11 subjects with alcohol abuse / dependence compared to matched nonalcoholics (significance of P < 0.007, Chi-squared = 7.364); 2) the difference in the mean abuser / non-abuser ratio for the gene from a value of 1.0 was significant at P < 0.05 (one sample t-test after natural log transformation of ratios to reduce skewness); 3) hybridization was sufficiently robust that the expression of the gene was called present by Affymetrix criteria in at least one of the samples; and 4) there were no negative mean average difference values in any of the groups (because these represented low-level expression and were therefore of low confidence). (NIF Table ID 194 [121])
LABEL: Chronic ethanol - Ethanol and abuse / dependence-associated alterations vs. Control DESCRIPTION: Chronic ethanol - Ethanol and abuse / dependence-associated alterations vs. Control DNA microarray Change in gene expression Eleven subjects with the diagnosis of past (abstinent for a long period -up to 30 years- before death) or current alcohol abuse or dependence, with or without other psychiatric diagnoses (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder) and eleven closely matched control subjects were selected from the Stanley Foundation Brain Bank. Cases were diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Of the cases, five with a history of Affymetrix GeneChip version 4.0 software. Subsequent analyses used Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, SPPS 10.5 and S-plus statistical programs. We defined genes with candidate changes in alcohol abuse / dependence as genes for which: 1) the gene showed decreased expression in at least 10 of 11 subjects with alcohol abuse / dependence or showed increased expression in at least 10 of 11 subjects with alcohol abuse / dependence compared to matched nonalcoholics (significance of P < 0.007, Chi-squared = 7.364); 2) the difference in the mean abuser / non-abuser ratio for the gene from a value of 1.0 was significant at P < 0.05 (one sample t-test after natural log transformation of ratios to reduce skewness); 3) hybridization was sufficiently robust that the expression of the gene was called present by Affymetrix criteria in at least one of the samples; and 4) there were no negative mean average difference values in any of the groups (because these represented low-level expression and were therefore of low confidence). (NIF Table ID 190 [121])
LABEL: Chronic ethanol - Ethanol and abuse / dependence-associated alterations vs. Control DESCRIPTION: Chronic ethanol - Ethanol and abuse / dependence-associated alterations vs. Control DNA microarray Change in gene expression Eleven subjects with the diagnosis of past (abstinent for a long period -up to 30 years- before death) or current alcohol abuse or dependence, with or without other psychiatric diagnoses (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder) and eleven closely matched control subjects were selected from the Stanley Foundation Brain Bank. Cases were diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Of the cases, five with a history of Affymetrix GeneChip version 4.0 software. Subsequent analyses used Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, SPPS 10.5 and S-plus statistical programs. We defined genes with candidate changes in alcohol abuse / dependence as genes for which: 1) the gene showed decreased expression in at least 10 of 11 subjects with alcohol abuse / dependence or showed increased expression in at least 10 of 11 subjects with alcohol abuse / dependence compared to matched nonalcoholics (significance of P < 0.007, Chi-squared = 7.364); 2) the difference in the mean abuser / non-abuser ratio for the gene from a value of 1.0 was significant at P < 0.05 (one sample t-test after natural log transformation of ratios to reduce skewness); 3) hybridization was sufficiently robust that the expression of the gene was called present by Affymetrix criteria in at least one of the samples; and 4) there were no negative mean average difference values in any of the groups (because these represented low-level expression and were therefore of low confidence). (NIF Method ID 121)