A group of pharmacologic activities, effects on living systems and the environment, and modes of employment of drugs and chemicals. They are broken into actions, which describe their effects, and uses, which describe how they are employed.
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A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).
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Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.
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Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.
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The meaning ascribed to the BASE SEQUENCE with respect to how it is translated into AMINO ACID SEQUENCE. The start, stop, and order of amino acids of a protein is specified by consecutive triplets of nucleotides called codons (CODON).
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The parts of a GENOME sequence that are involved with the different functions or properties of genomes as a whole as opposed to those of individual GENES.
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High molecular weight polymers containing a mixture of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides chained together by ribose or deoxyribose linkages.
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The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.
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Nucleic acid which complements a specific mRNA or DNA molecule, or fragment thereof; used for hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms and for genetic studies.
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A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.
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A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
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A group of atoms or molecules attached to other molecules or cellular structures and used in studying the properties of these molecules and structures. Radioactive DNA or RNA sequences are used in MOLECULAR GENETICS to detect the presence of a complementary sequence by NUCLEIC ACID HYBRIDIZATION.
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The processes, properties and biological objects that are involved in maintaining, expressing, and transmitting from one organism to another, genetically encoded traits.
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A single chain of deoxyribonucleotides that occurs in some bacteria and viruses. It usually exists as a covalently closed circle.
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The three possible sequences of CODONS by which GENETIC TRANSLATION may occur from one nucleotide sequence. A segment of mRNA 5'AUCCGA3' could be translated as 5'AUC.. or 5'UCC.. or 5'CCG.., depending on the location of the START CODON.
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The biological objects that contain genetic information and that are involved in transmitting genetically encoded traits from one organism to another.
Generated by gene2mesh v. 1.1.1
Chemicals necessary to perform experimental and/or investigative procedures and for the preparation of drugs and other chemicals.
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Complex compounds of high molecular weight occurring in living cells. These are basically of two types, ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA) acids, both of which consist of nucleotides (nucleoside phosphates linked together by phosphate bridges).
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A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.
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Data from GEO GSE194368 and analyzed using GEO2R, only top gene shown. Authors identified transcriptional adaptations of GR signaling in the amygdala of humans with OUD. Thus, GRs, their coregulators and downstream systems may represent viable therapeutic targets to treat the “stress side” of OUD.
Authors:
Stephanie A Carmack, Janaina C M Vendruscolo, M Adrienne McGinn, Jorge Miranda-Barrientos, Vez Repunte-Canonigo, Gabriel D Bosse, Daniele Mercatelli, Federico M Giorgi, Yu Fu, Anthony J Hinrich, Francine M Jodelka, Karen Ling, Robert O Messing, Randall T Peterson, Frank Rigo, Scott Edwards, Pietro P Sanna, Marisela Morales, Michelle L Hastings, George F Koob, Leandro F Vendruscolo
Differential gene expression between CS15 and CS22 - Adj-P value
Description:
Human craniofacial tissues were collected from the Joint MRC/Wellcome Trust Human Developmental Biology (HDBR). Donations of tissue to HDBR are made under-informed ethical consent with Research Tissue Bank ethical approval by women undergoing termination of pregnancy. Gene expression profiles were generated from multiple biological replicates of primary craniofacial (CF) tissue from Carnegie Stages (CS) of the embryonic period, CS13, CS14, CS17, CS17 and CS22. Here the differential expression comparison between CS15 and CS22 is shown. Gene expressions values, Ensembl Gene ids and the corresponding Adjusted P value are presented. UBERON:0015789, cranial or facial muscle.
Authors:
Tara N Yankee, Sungryong Oh, Emma Wentworth Winchester, Andrea Wilderman, Kelsey Robinson, Tia Gordon, Jill A Rosenfeld, Jennifer VanOudenhove, Daryl A Scott, Elizabeth J Leslie, Justin Cotney
Differential gene expression between CS13 and CS22 - Log2FC
Description:
Human craniofacial tissues were collected from the Joint MRC/Wellcome Trust Human Developmental Biology (HDBR). Donations of tissue to HDBR are made under-informed ethical consent with Research Tissue Bank ethical approval by women undergoing termination of pregnancy. Gene expression profiles were generated from multiple biological replicates of primary craniofacial (CF) tissue from Carnegie Stages (CS) of the embryonic period, CS13, CS14, CS17, CS17, and CS22. Here the differential expression comparison between CS13 and CS22 is shown. Gene expressions values with log to the base 2, FC are presented with P-Adj <0.05. UBERON:0015789, cranial or facial muscle.
Authors:
Tara N Yankee, Sungryong Oh, Emma Wentworth Winchester, Andrea Wilderman, Kelsey Robinson, Tia Gordon, Jill A Rosenfeld, Jennifer VanOudenhove, Daryl A Scott, Elizabeth J Leslie, Justin Cotney
Differential gene expression between CS13 and CS22 - Adj-P value
Description:
Human craniofacial tissues were collected from the Joint MRC/Wellcome Trust Human Developmental Biology (HDBR). Donations of tissue to HDBR are made under-informed ethical consent with Research Tissue Bank ethical approval by women undergoing termination of pregnancy. Gene expression profiles were generated from multiple biological replicates of primary craniofacial (CF) tissue from Carnegie Stages (CS) of the embryonic period, CS13, CS14, CS17, CS17 and CS22. Here the differential expression comparison between CS13 and CS22 is shown. Gene expressions values, Ensembl Gene ids and the corresponding Adjusted P value are presented. UBERON:0015789, cranial or facial muscle.
Authors:
Tara N Yankee, Sungryong Oh, Emma Wentworth Winchester, Andrea Wilderman, Kelsey Robinson, Tia Gordon, Jill A Rosenfeld, Jennifer VanOudenhove, Daryl A Scott, Elizabeth J Leslie, Justin Cotney
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