The total transcriptome including genes that are differentially expressed in cocaine addicts compared to control subjects. Post-mortem brain samples were collected from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) of the cocaine addict group and the control group. To assess gene expression, RNA-seq was performed. Data taken from Supplementary Table 2. Values presented are k.diff values. Data available from GEO with accession number GSE99349."
Authors:
Efrain A Ribeiro, Joseph R Scarpa, Susanna P Garamszegi, Andrew Kasarskis, Deborah C Mash, Eric J Nestler
A group of pharmacologic activities, effects on living systems and the environment, and modes of employment of drugs and chemicals. They are broken into actions, which describe their effects, and uses, which describe how they are employed.
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A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).
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Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.
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Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.
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The meaning ascribed to the BASE SEQUENCE with respect to how it is translated into AMINO ACID SEQUENCE. The start, stop, and order of amino acids of a protein is specified by consecutive triplets of nucleotides called codons (CODON).
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The parts of a GENOME sequence that are involved with the different functions or properties of genomes as a whole as opposed to those of individual GENES.
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High molecular weight polymers containing a mixture of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides chained together by ribose or deoxyribose linkages.
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The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.
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Nucleic acid which complements a specific mRNA or DNA molecule, or fragment thereof; used for hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms and for genetic studies.
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A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.
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A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
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A group of atoms or molecules attached to other molecules or cellular structures and used in studying the properties of these molecules and structures. Radioactive DNA or RNA sequences are used in MOLECULAR GENETICS to detect the presence of a complementary sequence by NUCLEIC ACID HYBRIDIZATION.
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The processes, properties and biological objects that are involved in maintaining, expressing, and transmitting from one organism to another, genetically encoded traits.
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A single chain of deoxyribonucleotides that occurs in some bacteria and viruses. It usually exists as a covalently closed circle.
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The three possible sequences of CODONS by which GENETIC TRANSLATION may occur from one nucleotide sequence. A segment of mRNA 5'AUCCGA3' could be translated as 5'AUC.. or 5'UCC.. or 5'CCG.., depending on the location of the START CODON.
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The biological objects that contain genetic information and that are involved in transmitting genetically encoded traits from one organism to another.
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Chemicals necessary to perform experimental and/or investigative procedures and for the preparation of drugs and other chemicals.
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Complex compounds of high molecular weight occurring in living cells. These are basically of two types, ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA) acids, both of which consist of nucleotides (nucleoside phosphates linked together by phosphate bridges).
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A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.
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Data from GEO GSE194368 and analyzed using GEO2R, only top gene shown. Authors identified transcriptional adaptations of GR signaling in the amygdala of humans with OUD. Thus, GRs, their coregulators and downstream systems may represent viable therapeutic targets to treat the “stress side” of OUD.
Authors:
Stephanie A Carmack, Janaina C M Vendruscolo, M Adrienne McGinn, Jorge Miranda-Barrientos, Vez Repunte-Canonigo, Gabriel D Bosse, Daniele Mercatelli, Federico M Giorgi, Yu Fu, Anthony J Hinrich, Francine M Jodelka, Karen Ling, Robert O Messing, Randall T Peterson, Frank Rigo, Scott Edwards, Pietro P Sanna, Marisela Morales, Michelle L Hastings, George F Koob, Leandro F Vendruscolo
Gene expression in 212,713 ventral midbrain single nuclei from 95 individuals with history of opioid misuse, and individuals without drug exposure. Chronic exposure to opioids was not associated with change in proportions of glial and neuronal subtypes, however glial transcriptomes were broadly altered, involving 9.5 - 6.2% of expressed genes within microglia, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. Genes associated with activation of the immune response including interferon, NFkB signaling, and cell motility pathways were upregulated, contrasting with down-regulated expression of synaptic signaling and plasticity genes in ventral midbrain non-dopaminergic neurons. Ventral midbrain transcriptomic reprogramming in the context of chronic opioid exposure included 325 genes that previous genome-wide studies had linked to risk of substance use traits in the broader population.
Authors:
Julong Wei, Tova Y Lambert, Aditi Valada, Nikhil Patel, Kellie Walker, Jayna Lenders, Carl J Schmidt, Marina Iskhakova, Adnan Alazizi, Henriette Mair-Meijers, Deborah C Mash, Francesca Luca, Roger Pique-Regi, Michael J Bannon, Schahram Akbarian
Expression profiles in the human hippocampus from cocaine addicts and age-matched drug-free control subjects. Cocaine abusers had 151 gene transcripts upregulated, while 91 gene transcripts were downregulated.
Authors:
Mash DC, ffrench-Mullen J, Adi N, Qin Y, Buck A, Pablo J.
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