Genes with particular expression in the Infralimbic area, layer 1. Data represent fold expression difference in structure versus grey matter average expression.
Genes with particular expression in the Anterior olfactory nucleus, dorsal part. Data represent fold expression difference in structure versus grey matter average expression.
Genes with particular expression in the Dorsal peduncular area, layer 1. Data represent fold expression difference in structure versus grey matter average expression.
Genes with particular expression in the Infralimbic area, layer 2. Data represent fold expression difference in structure versus grey matter average expression.
Genes with particular expression in the Taenia tecta, dorsal part, layer 1. Data represent fold expression difference in structure versus grey matter average expression.
Transcriptome sequencing from the SCNs of mice (C57BL/6J) entrained for 4 weeks to 22 h and 24 h d maintained for a week in darkness, and then killed at CT4 for each mouse. Supplementary table 3: List of the genomic regions hypomethylated in ST and Score.
Authors:
Azzi A, Dallmann R, Casserly A, Rehrauer H, Patrignani A, Maier B, Kramer A, Brown SA
Here, female High Drinking in the Dark (HDID) mice were stereotaxically injected with 0.5uL rAAV2/5-CMV-Cre-GFP and 0.5uL rAAV2-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq-mCherry bilaterally into the NAc. A Drinking in the Dark (DID) experiment lasting 6 weeks was carried out with 2 fluid groups (water or ethanol) and 2 treatment groups (VEH/VEH/VEH or VEH/CNO/VEH). Mice were serially treated with vehicle prior to DID during week 1 to establish baseline drinking, CNO (1mg/kg) during weeks 2-5 to measure the effects of chronic treatment, and then mice were treated with vehicle again during week 6 to determine if there were any lasting effects of chronic CNO treatment. This gene set comprises 2,377 genes that were differentially expressed in the nucleus accumbens of ethanol drinking HDID mice treated with CNO as compared to the water drinking and vehicle treated control group.
Authors:
Darya Y. Pozhidayeva, Sean P. Farris, Calla M. Goeke, Evan J. Firsick, Kayla G. Townsley, Marina Guizzetti, and Angela R. Ozburn
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a chronic, relapsing syndrome diagnosed by a heteroge- neous set of behavioral signs and symptoms. There are no laboratory tests that provide direct objective evidence for diagnosis. Microarray and RNA-Seq technologies enable genome-wide transcriptome profiling at low costs and provide an opportunity to identify bio- markers to facilitate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of patients. However, access to brain tissue in living patients is not possible. Blood contains cellular and extracellular RNAs that provide disease-relevant information for some brain diseases. We hypothesized that blood gene expression profiles can be used to diagnose AUD. We profiled brain (prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hypothalamus) and blood gene expression levels in C57BL/6J mice using RNA-seq one week after chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure, a mouse model of alcohol dependence. We found a high degree of preservation (rho range: [0.50, 0.67]) between blood and brain transcript levels. There was small overlap between blood and brain DEGs, and considerable overlap of gene networks perturbed after CIE related to cell- cell signaling (e.g., GABA and glutamate receptor signaling), immune responses (e.g., anti- gen presentation), and protein processing / mitochondrial functioning (e.g., ubiquitination, oxidative phosphorylation). Blood gene expression data were used to train classifiers (logis- tic regression, random forest, and partial least squares discriminant analysis), which were highly accurate at predicting alcohol dependence status (maximum AUC: 90.1%). These results suggest that gene expression profiles from peripheral blood samples contain a bio- logical signature of alcohol dependence that can discriminate between CIE and Air subjects.
Authors:
Laura B Ferguson, Amanda J Roberts, R Dayne Mayfield, Robert O Messing
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors that act as ligand-activated transcription factors. Although prescribed for dyslipidemia and type-II diabetes, PPAR agonists also possess anti-addictive characteristics. PPAR agonists decrease ethanol consumption and reduce withdrawal severity and susceptibility to stress-induced relapse in rodents. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms facilitating these properties have yet to be investigated. We tested three PPAR agonists in a continuous access two-bottle choice (2BC) drinking paradigm and found that tesaglitazar (PPARα/γ; 1.5 mg/kg) and fenofibrate (PPARα; 150 mg/kg) decreased ethanol consumption in male C57BL/6J mice while bezafibrate (PPARα/γ/β; 75 mg/kg) did not. We hypothesized that changes in brain gene expression following fenofibrate and tesaglitazar treatment lead to reduced ethanol drinking. We studied unbiased genomic profiles in areas of the brain known to be important for ethanol dependence, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala, and also profiled gene expression in liver. Genomic profiles from the non-effective bezafibrate treatment were used to filter out genes not associated with ethanol consumption. Because PPAR agonists are anti-inflammatory, they would be expected to target microglia and astrocytes. Surprisingly, PPAR agonists produced a strong neuronal signature in mouse brain, and fenofibrate and tesaglitazar (but not bezafibrate) targeted a subset of GABAergic interneurons in the amygdala. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed co-expression of treatment-significant genes. Functional annotation of these gene networks suggested that PPAR agonists might act via neuropeptide and dopaminergic signaling pathways in the amygdala. Our results reveal gene targets through which PPAR agonists can affect alcohol consumption behavior.
Authors:
Laura B Ferguson, Dana Most, Yuri A Blednov, R Adron Harris
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors that act as ligand-activated transcription factors. Although prescribed for dyslipidemia and type-II diabetes, PPAR agonists also possess anti-addictive characteristics. PPAR agonists decrease ethanol consumption and reduce withdrawal severity and susceptibility to stress-induced relapse in rodents. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms facilitating these properties have yet to be investigated. We tested three PPAR agonists in a continuous access two-bottle choice (2BC) drinking paradigm and found that tesaglitazar (PPARα/γ; 1.5 mg/kg) and fenofibrate (PPARα; 150 mg/kg) decreased ethanol consumption in male C57BL/6J mice while bezafibrate (PPARα/γ/β; 75 mg/kg) did not. We hypothesized that changes in brain gene expression following fenofibrate and tesaglitazar treatment lead to reduced ethanol drinking. We studied unbiased genomic profiles in areas of the brain known to be important for ethanol dependence, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala, and also profiled gene expression in liver. Genomic profiles from the non-effective bezafibrate treatment were used to filter out genes not associated with ethanol consumption. Because PPAR agonists are anti-inflammatory, they would be expected to target microglia and astrocytes. Surprisingly, PPAR agonists produced a strong neuronal signature in mouse brain, and fenofibrate and tesaglitazar (but not bezafibrate) targeted a subset of GABAergic interneurons in the amygdala. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed co-expression of treatment-significant genes. Functional annotation of these gene networks suggested that PPAR agonists might act via neuropeptide and dopaminergic signaling pathways in the amygdala. Our results reveal gene targets through which PPAR agonists can affect alcohol consumption behavior.
Authors:
Laura B Ferguson, Dana Most, Yuri A Blednov, R Adron Harris
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